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KARAM'S 

SHORTHAND 



By 
A. KARAM 



Four Easy Lessons. Everything in the Language is 

Written in Familiar Longhand Characters, 

Briefly and Legibly 



NEW AND REVISED EDITION. 



COPYRIGHT 1922 



Karam's Publishing Company 



209 South Harvey 

Oklahoma City, Okla. 






J^N-3i92Z ©C1A652780 



->v» J 



PREFACE. 



The system presented herein is designed for 
the following purposes: 

1. To increase shorthand speed. 

2. To supply a method of Shorthand which 
employs the Longhand characters, but, by using 
contracted combinations, the out line works more 
efficiently. 



A. KARAM, PROBABLY THE WORLD^S 
GREATEST SHORTHAND AUTHORITY. 



Three years of hard mental work, analyzing 
words in the dictionary to perfect a practical 
method of abbreviations to simplify the old com- 
plicated Shorthand Systems. And to give people 
in every walk of life the full chance to write and 
read Shorthand easily and correctly. 

It is not only a system of "Practical Abbre- 
viations" but. a real Shorthand written in Long- 
hand-Characters, to eliminate the long and dif- 
ficult practice necessary to master other systems. 
And the theory of writing the outline of words, 
Is controlled under specified rules to make Karam's 
Shorthand — Practical and Simple. 

SPEED UNLIMITED: Average people with 
common school education can write 50 words per 
minute in longhand (every word in full). NOW, 
in writing 50 words per minute longhand, you 
will be able to more than treble your longhand in 
writing Karam's Shorthand. 

KARAM'S SHORTHAND: Can also be 
written on any typewriter. Many stenographers 
can write more than 100 words per minute on a 
typewriter. (Every word in full.) After you 
master our system, you'll be able to take dicta- 
tion on a typewriter at extraordinary speed — But 
remember, all you need is 100 words per minute 
speed to hold a well paying stenographic position. 

KARAM'S WRITERS can always demand 
the highest salary — because they acquired the 
most modern Shorthand System. 



A TALK WITH THE BEGINNER. 

The student should not spend time looking 
ahead of the present lesson. Do not borrow 
trouble and you will naturally have less. Be 
satisfied to cross the river when you get to it. 
The harder thing will be easy, if you take the 
easy thing until you reach the harder one. 
In all your study and practice on the principles 
think out the spelling of the word or phrase but 
always write the outline. You are only half 
studying if you write without thinking or think 
without writing. You must do both. 

Your future success depends to a very large 
extent on the way you do your work now. In or- 
der that your progress may be sure and rapid, 
master each lesson before you proceed with next. 

After completing the principles and taking 
up the dictation work, you should continue to go 
over the principles in this book. Do this syste- 
matically. Begin with the first lesson and write 
and study everything over. You can easily go 
over one lesson a day besides your other work. 
And you will be rewarded by a greatly increased 
speed and accuracy. If you have these three 
qualifications the very best positions await you. 

DON'T GET DISCOURAGED.— The complete 
mastery of Shorthand and Typewriting is worthy 
of your best efforts, and if you devote yourself 
earnestly to that work there can be no such thing 
as failure. 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 

1st. You should read these instructions not 
less than three times. 

2nd. In studying the first four lessons you 
should understand each rule thoroughly, viz. : In 
what position the vowel is omitted? Whether 
single or double vowels ? One dot or two dots ? In 
the first part of a word or last part? 

3rd. Be sure and notice the comma (,) colon 
(:) semicolon (;), also the small dash (-), long 
dash ( — ) or cross dash (|), etc. 

4th. Do not try to learn more examples than 
are given in this book. 

5th. The shorthand rules in the text book are 
very simple, and very important. Therefore it is 
necessary for a student to follow each rule very 
closely. 

6th. Anything you cannot understand, you 
should ask your teacher about it. 

7th. Use the muscular movement if you can. 
Have your pencil well sharpened, make your letter 
small as you can — ^this is conducive to higher 
speed. 

8th. To become a proficient stenographer it is 
necessary to possess a complete mastery of the 
principles of the system. The student is, there- 
fore, urged to become thoroughly familiar with 
each lesson before proceeding to the following one. 
9th. Accuracy and neatness of writing should 
be the sole aim of the student. 



Notice: The students should practice the 
system only with a pencil, until they pass the 
100 words test. 



LESSON I. 



CONSONANTS: bcdfghjklm 
npqrstvwxz 

VOWELS: a e i o u y 'w' 

Pronounce the above phonetically. 

KARAM'S SHORTHAND IS WRITTEN BY 
SOUND, viz.: ks is written x; th is written z; 
ge-gi (gey) is written j, — G (gay) as in give, is 
written g, and the c, as in (cat) is written k, 
And the sound of (ph) as in PHASE, is written (f). 

(th) as in BOTH, represented by C) apos- 
trophe — 

OMISSION OF VOWELS 

1. If the SINGLE vowel comes FIRST or 
SECOND or BEFORE the last character in the 
word, it is omitted. DOUBLE VOWELS are 
written in one according to the sound, — double 
consonants are written in one anywhere in the 
word. (SILENT characters not written or count- 
ed.) Viz.: Books, Cat, Box, Germ, Knife, Bought, 

box kt bx jrm nf bot 
Made, Give, Thought, Saw, Sew, Day, They, Buy, 

md gv 'ot sw so da 'a bi 
Call, High. 

kl h 

2. RE RA RI RO RU, if occur first char- 



KARAM'S SHORTHAND 



acter in a word, represented by . (dot) . 

Viz. : Re-duce, Rent, Raise, Receipt, Ripe, 
.ds .nt .az .set .p 
Risk, Round, Rule, 
. sk .on .1 

3. lOUS OUS, if occur last characters in a 
word, represented by .. (two dots) . Viz. : Famous, 

f m . . 
Serious. 

sr. . 

4. CON COM CON CUM COGN, if occur first 
character in a word, represented by Capital letter 

C. 

Viz.: Confess, Cognomen, Commit, Combat, 

Cfes Comn Ct Cbt 

Cumber, 
Cbr 

Or if same occurred in other part of a word, 
represented by ; (semicolon). 
Viz.: Reconcile, Recommend. 
. ; si . ; en 

5. MAGNI MAGNE MAGNAN, represented 
by capital letter M 

Viz.: Magnify, Magnitude, Magnanimous. 

Mfy Mtd M.. 

6. SELF CIRCU— M, represented by small 
letter s 

Viz.: Self-esteem, Circulate, Circumstance, 
sstem sit ssta 



KARAM'S SHORTHAND 



7. TRANS, represented by small letters tr 
Viz. : Transfer, Transmit, Trance, Translate. 

trfr trmt trs trlt 

8. INTER ENTER, represented by capital 
letter N Viz.: Entertain, Interpose, Intern, 

Nta Npo Nn 

9. UNDER, represented by small letter u 
Viz.: Understand, Underproof, Underneath. 

usta upro une 

10. MIS, represented by small letter m 
Viz. : Misrule, Missend, Misspell. 

mrl msn mspl 



Exercise 



rack racy rain raft raid read red rapid ray recent 
recess refer regret relief relay renew rowen rove 
row ruff ruck rufous ruddy rum run rump rid 
ringer ripe consult consume compute comment 
conflict convenient recognize self-control self- 
made harmonious miscellaneous circle transom 
transport transpose, transpire transmit interest 
intact intercross interdict entertain enterprise 
enter underrate understate undertake undersign 
undershot underwrite undersell undergo underdo 
underbid miscall misbelieve misdate misdo miser 
misgive mislay misplace mistake misuse mace gin 
gain same know case may pay ruck rule ruin eider 
bell hall mail sail. 



LESSON 2. 

11. BRA BRI BRO BRU, represented by 
capital letter B Viz. : Break Brave Bride Brook 

Bek Bv Bd Bok 

12. CRA CRE CRI CRO CRU CRY, repre- 
sented by capital letter K Viz.: Craft Credit 

Kft Kdt 
Crime Crop Cruel Cry. 
Km Kp Kel K 

13. DRA DRE DRI DRU DRY, repre- 
sented by capital letter D Viz.: Drain Dread 

Dan Ded 
Drill Drunk Dry. 
Dl Dnk D 

14. PRA FRE FRI FRO FRU FRY, repre- 
sented by capital letter F Viz. : Free Frill Front 

Fe Fl Fn 
Frugal Fry. 
Fgl F 

16. GRA GRE GRI GRU, represented by 
capital letter G Viz.: Gray Grim Grasp Grope 

Ga Gm Gsp Gp 

16. PRA PRE PRO PRU PRY, represented 
by capital letter p Viz.: Pray Predict Price 

Pa Pdi P 
Promote Prude 
Pmo Pd 



KARAM^S SHORTHAND S 

17. TRA TRE TRI TRO TRU TRY, repre- 
sented by capital letter T Viz.: Trade Trend 

Td Tn 
Tripe Troop Trust Try. 
Tp Top Ts T 

18. INGLY ING, represented by / (cross 
dash). Viz.: Doing Writing Making 

d/ .t/ mk/ 

Warning, 
wrn/ 

19. ED, is omitted when ending of VERB. 
Viz. : Trained Mailed Covered. 

Tan mal kvr 

20. TION SSION CIENT, and all combination 
characters having sound of (SHUN), with or 
without the preceding vowel, represented by — 
(long dash). Viz.: Repetition Addition Ignition 

.pet — de — gn — 
Omission, 
m — 

21. Notice; in writing same in longhand, 
connect the dash to the preceding character. 

22. FUL, represented by small letter f 
LESS,byl;MENT,by m NESS, by n 

Viz. : Thoughtful Artless Aihusement Lateness. 

'otf rtl muzm Itn 

23. SH CH CIA CIE SU SSU, and all com- 
bination characters having sound of (SH) repre- 
sented by - (small dash). Viz.: Cheap Official 

•ep fe- 
Ship Change. 

-P ~nj 



KARAM'S SHORTHAND 



24. NOTICE; in writing same in longhand, 
connect the dash to the preceding character. 

25. SUPER STR SP, with or without a 
SUCCEEDING vowel, represented by capital 
letter S Viz.: Supernatural Strong Special 

Snat- Sn S-1 

26. OVER, represented by capital letter 
Viz.: Overrate overcharge oversight. 

Ort 0-rj Osi 

27. EXTRA, represented by capital letter X 
Viz.: Extract. 

Xk 

28. ASS, with a SUCCEEDING vowel, rep- 
resented by small letter a Viz.: Associate 

a-t 
Assisting Assist. 
ast/ ast 

29. BILITY ABLE BLE, represented by 
small letter b PLE, by small letter p 

Viz. : Notable Audible Noble Ability Feasibility. 

ntb adb nb ab fesb 

30. QU, with a SUCCEEDING vowel, rep- 
resented by capital letter Q Viz. : Quality Quick 

Qlt Qk 



Exercise. 

brake brand brash brass breech brevity bright 
brown gram grant crash creation creep croak 
crowd crush drown drove dross dream drying 
drub fray friend fresh from frost grip graze grate 
grow grind grub press prevent prime print 



KARAM'S SHORTHAND 



probable produce profuse proper prove traffic 
trance travel treble trial trouble trow truth rowing 
singing walked mission commission comfortable 
careful dreadful glorious happiness superb 
supervision iceless importance equipment 
possession dubious overruling overreach contest 
continuance common extravagance extra exact 
excite exceed qualify quack queer quip quit 
assume assort assignor assign payable readable 
nobility legibility affability. 



LESSON 3. 

31. FOR FORE FUR, represented by small 
letter f Viz.: Forgive Foresight Furnish 

fgv fsi fne- 

32. SUB, represented by small letter s 
Viz.: Subdue Submit Substance. 

sdu smt ssta 



a 



n 



33. AGGRA-E-I, represented by small letter 

Viz.: Aggravate Aggregate, 
avt agt 

34. ANTA-E-I, represented by small letter 

Viz. : Antagonist Antipathy, 
ngons npa' 

35. POST PARA, represented by small letter 



Viz.: Parasite Parallel Postman Postal, 
pst pll pmn pi 

36. WORTH WORTHY, represented by 
small letter w Viz.: Ainsworth Praiseworthy 

anw Pzw 

37. IFICATION, represented by small letter 

f 

Viz.: Specification Edification Ratification. 

Ssf def .tf 



KARAM'S SHORTHAND 



38. MENTAL MENTALITY, represented by 
small letter m Viz. : Experimental Fundamental. 

xprm fndm 

39. SHIP, if occurs last part of a word, rep- 
resented by - (small dash). Viz.: Ownership 

ner- 
Partnership Hardship. 

prt- hrd- 

40. WARD, represented by small letter w 
Viz. : Homeward Afterward Toward. 

hmw ftrw tw 

41. ACLE ICAL ICLE, represented by small 
letter k Viz.: Tentacle Medical Classical 

tntk mdk klask 

42. ULATE, represented by small letter xi 
Viz. : Modulate Insulation Insulate Insulator. 

mdu nsu — nsu nsur 

43. HOOD, represented by small letter h 
Viz.: Brotherhood Childhood. 

Bzh -ilh 

44. RITY LITY CITY VITY NITY MITY, 
represented by small letters r 1 s v n m 
Viz.: Majority Affinity Nativity Brutality 

mjr fin ntev Btal 

Calamity Felicity Pomposity. 

klam fles pmps 

45. STIC, represented by small letter s 
Viz.: Domestic Artistic Atheistic. 

dmes rtes ^es 



10 KARAM'S SHORTHAND 



46. TIC TICAL, represented by small letter 

t 

Viz.: Politic Grammatical Systematic. 

plit Gmat stemt 

47. DE DA DI DU DO, if occurs first char- 
acter in a word, represented by , (comma) . Viz. : 
Decide Degree Damage Damp Dine Dilate Duty 

,sd ^Ge ,maj ,mp ,n ^t ,ty 
Duplex Donate. 

,plx ,nt 

48. DIS, represented by small letter d 
Viz. : Disposal Display Displace. 

dp OS dpi a dpls 

49. INT INV, with preceding vowel, repre- 
sented by small letter i Viz.: Investment 

ism 
Inviting Invention ^ 

it/ in — 

50. ANTONYM WORDS begin with IN IR 
IM UN, represented with capital letter I Viz. : 
Unable Inexperienced Unarmed. 

lb Ixpern I arm 

Exerci>6. 

fortune forsake foreground forerunner furlong 
forenoon furnace furtive furniture forehead 
foreordain subside subsequent sublease suburb 
subsist subacid aggrieve aggregation agriculture 
aggression antidote anticipate antecedent ante- 
diluvian antithesis declamation declined reclined 
inclined inclination inclusion paragraph paradise 
paragon parapet postage circular cincumference 



KARAM^S SHORTHAND 11 

circumstance blameworthy noteworthy clerkship 
township kinship womanhood manhood mother- 
hood neighborhood statehood onward upward 
northward southward eastward awkward reward 
article clerical physical musical icicle radical 
magical nautical stimulate stipulate stipulation 
cumulation manipulate manipulation populated 
articulate articulation adulation expostulate regu- 
late matriculate perambulate speculate singularity 
solidarity hilarity regularity familiarity sincerity 
temerity priority minority authority futurity 
security alactrity integrity reality nationality 
rascality criminality technicality vitality men- 
tality morality fidelity docility facility futility 
incredulity capacity mendacity veracity complicity 
publicity vicinity divinity humanity extremity 
majestic automatic critical despotic romantic 
dabble daisy date decant declaim decorous default 
demand dictation dirk dissembler discount plain 
flabby glory invoice invoke invade integrant. 



LESSON 4. 

51. Some words occur so frequently that it 
is desirable to represent them in the briefest way 
possible. Each alphabetic character can be em- 
ployed to stand for one or more words of which 
it happens to be a prominent sound. These are 
designated from one third to one half of the words 
found in any article of speech. They must be 
thoroughly committed to memory, until they can 
be written with a degree of speed. 

Word Signs 

a An 
A America 

b But Been 

See Seen 
d Had 

e Us 

f For 

g Go Good God 

h Him How 

i I am 

j Just Judge 

k Can Come 

1 Will Well Letter 

m Me More Most Much 

n Not Now 

p Put Party Particular 



KARAJTS SHORTHAND 13 



z 


As 


r 


Are 


s 


So Such 


t 


To 


u 


You 


V 


Of Have Very 


w 


Which What Would 


y 


Your-s Yes 


th 


Think Thank 


ho 


Who Whose 


ng 


Thing Long 


sh 


Shall Sure 


& 


And 


z 


The 



Phrasing 

52. By "phrasing" is meant the writing of 
two or more words together by which means speed 
is gained. Only such words should be joined 
which seem to have a natural connection when 
speaking them. 

The examples which are given below are not 
to be memorized, they should be copied — ^not less 
then three lines of each written. 

vu Have you 

tu To you 

nou Know you 

XXV You have 

otu Had you 



14 KARAM'S SHORTHAND 



xxl You will 

XI r You are 

f ul If you will 

f ulb If you will be 

ilb I will be 

ild I will do 

iv I have 

ivy I have your 

dn Do not 

ukt. You cannot 

ithur I think you are 

ivb I have been 

ulb You will be 

duno Do you know 

duth Do you think 

hdud How do you do 

ish I am sure 

uvb Have you been 

tb To be 

tbrntb,To be or not to be 

tno To know 

ilb I will be 

uvb You have been 

hk He can 

i shulb I am sure you will be 

ith I think 

hs He is 



KARAM^S SHORTHAND 15 

53. Initial-letter phrasing, in which the first 
letter of each word forms a combination that rep- 
resents the phrase: 

brmBy return mail 

dm Dear madam 

ds Dear Sir 

f e For example 

eh Enclose herewith 

ehpf Enclosed herewith please find 

f y Faithfully yours 

iehl enclose herewith 

ilo In lieu of 

Ipo Latter part of 

mdm My Dear Madam 

mds My Dear Sir 

oc Of course 

pf eh Please find enclosed herewith 

ry Respectfully yours 

sy Sincerely yours 

ty Truly yours 

udo Under date of 

use Under separate cover 

vcy Very cordially yours 

ywf eh You will find enclosed herewith 

af a As far as 

bts Beg to say 

yl Your letter 

US United States 



16 KARAM^S SHORTHAND 

fob Freight on board 
cod Collect on delivery 
as a As soon as 
asap As soon as possible 

54. The following are the Standard Commer- 
cial Abbreviations; it is submitted to be used in 
t:aking dictation. Such abbreviation should begin 
only with a small letter anywhere in a sentence. 

Highest grade al 

'Advertise ad 

Agent agt 

Amount amt 

Anonymous anon 

Answer ans 

Avenue av 

Balance bal 

Barrel bbl 

Bundle bdl 



Boards 



bds 



Bill of Lading h/l 

Building bldg 

Buyer's Option b . o . 

Bushel b^sh 

Chapter chap 
Cost, insurance, freight c . i . f . 

Hundredweight cwt 

Company qq 

Care of o/p 



KARAM'S SHORTHAND 



17 



Creditor 


or. 


Department 
Ditto, the same 


dept 
If 


Debtor 


dr 


Each 


- ea 


Quarter 
Railroad 


qr. 
rr 


Square 

Every other day 


sq 
e.o.d 


Errors and ommissions excepted 


e&oe. 


And so forth 


etc 


Exchange 


ex. 


Express 
Freight 
Foot, feet 


exp 
fgt 
ft. 


Gallon 
Hour 


gal 
hr. 


Horse-power 


h.p 


Inch 


in. 


Insurance 


ins 


Interest 


int 


Pound 


lb. 


Less than carload 


lol. 


Memorandum 


mem 


Manufacturing 


mfg 


Manufacturer 


mfr 


Manager 


mgr 


Minute 


min 



18 KARAM^S SHORTHAND 

Number no • 

All right ok 

Ounce oz . 

Peck pk 

Package pkg 

Pint pt 

Quart qt 

Railway rw 

Street st 

Volume vol 

Beforenoon am 

Year yr 

Afternoon pm 

Yard yd 

Till forbidden t . f 

Notice : The authorized for 0. K. are : 0. K.'d 
— 0. K.| — 0. K/s. The correct possessive form of 
Co. is Co/s. The plural of B. L. is written Bs. L., 
also B. Ls., but the former method seems to 
be the more logical. The plural of most abbre- 
viations is formed by simply adding s; as, hrs., 
sts., mfrs. etc. It will be noted that the tendency 
is to drop the apostrophe in abbreviations like 
Bldg., Mfg., etc. 

55. SPECIAL ABBREVIATIONS. Write not 
less than three lines of each of following : 

Able ab 

Afternoon afno 

Afterthought af ' o 

Altogether Itg 



KARAM'S SHORTHAND 



19 



Acknowledge 
Average 
Here 
Hereto 
Hopelessness 
Many 
Immodest 
Different 
Further 
Reply- 
Union, united 
Our 
After 
Aftermath 
Together 
Although 
Acquaintance 
Between 
Hereafter 
Notwithstanding 
Money- 
Modest 
Indifferent 
Indefinite 
Immediately- 
Received 
Oblige 

Enthusiastic 



kno 

vej 

he 

het 

hpln 

me 

Ides 

def 

fu 

•P 
U 

R 

af 

afma 

tg 

. I'o 

kuan 

btw 

heaf 

nwsta 

mo 

mds 

Iden 

Ideff 

■med 

.s 

Ob 

eo 



20 KARAM^S SHORTHAND 

Both b > 

Physical fzk 

Correspondence. cd 

56. The stenographer will be able to make 
special abbreviations for words, names, terms or 
phrases frequently occurring in his own work. 

For example, the law stenographer would 
adopt small letter p. for ''plaintiff," d for "defend- 
ant," w for "witness," ws yn for "what is your 

name?' wdu . z for "where do you reside?" h 

ng vu Iv zr "how long have you lived there?'* 

57. The words "of the" are omitted when 
they occur in a sentence — that is, when they occur 
between other words. The omission is indicated 
by writing the SUCCEEDING word CLOSE to the 
word PRECEDING "of the." 

Example 

Your letter of the 8th. 

yl8 
End of the season, 
nd sezn 

58. When "of the" are the FIRST words in 
a sentence, they are written, viz. : Of the many 

vz me 
places I saw I prefer Oklahoma City. 

pla i sw i Pf C 

Punctuation. 

59. All the ordinary punctuation marks may 
be employed in writing shorthand. 



KARAM'S SHORTHAND 21 



Viv.: Yourrecent letter received. In the reply 
y .sn 1 . s . n z .p 

60. Use all the abbreviations for days of the 
week and months of the year. Names of every 
state in the United States. 

Write not less than one HALF of names, 
towns or cities, persons or articles. 

General Exercise. 

61. The following sentences are commercial 
terms that will occur often in your correspondence. 

You may draw on us for the balance on receipt 
of this. 

Enclosed you will find invoice. 

Get his acceptance and return to us. 

In which case your name will appear on the 
credit reports of the commercial agencies. 

After these deeds have been acknowledged, 
please see that they are recorded. 

We shall begin suit for foreclosure imme- 
diately. 

Ten reams, one-hundred-pound, 25x38, coated 
book. 

Please examine correspondence next attached. 

We shall be obliged to countermand the order. 

The abstract shows judgment against him. 

You appreciate the advantage of maintaining 
your rating. 

Please make voucher for this difference. 

The price is $1.25 per lineal foot. 

We shall be glad to submit a report showing 
a list of the collaterals that we hold as security. 

It is important that this tracer does not be- 
come side-tracked. 

The abstract has just come to hand. 

Please inform your clients that this is our 
best proposition. 



22 KARAM^S SHORTHAND 

Your note is protested for nonpayment. 

Enclosed you will find account sales for two 
cars of apples, net proceeds, $1560. 

We enclosed bill of lading with draft attached. 

Please send proxy by wire immediately. 

F. o. b. cars your track. 

We shall send cuts, including half tones, elec- 
tros, and zincs by express. 

Defendants have given us a chattel mortgage 
for $1000. 

In future please give gross, tare, and net 
weight. 

Six-ply Bristol cardboard. 

These statements show the gross receipts. 

The cartage charges amount to $15.75. 

We shall begin taking deposition to-morrow. 

Rush these goods to us with all possible 
dispatch 

We notice in Dun's Notification Sheet that 
this firm has failed. 



KARAM'S SHORTHAND 23 

THE ENTIRE KARAM'S SHORTHAND SYSTEM 
—IT CAN BE WRITTEN ON TWO PAGES 

"Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight and 
Nine Characters Are Written in One." 

If the vowel comes First or Second or Before 

the last characters is Omitted. 

RE RA RI RO RU, represented by . (dot) 
lOUS OUS, represented by .. (two dots) 

CON COM CUN CUM COGN, represented by cap- 
ital C or ; (semicolon) 

MEGNI MAGNE MAGNAN, represented by cap- 
ital M. 

CRA CRE CRT CRO CRU CRY, represented by 
capital K. 

DRA DRE DRI DRO DRY, represented by cap- 
ital D. 

FRA FRE FRI FRO FRU FRY, represented by 
capital F. 

GRA GRE GRI GRU, represented by capital G. 

PRA PRE PRI PRO PRU PRY, represented by 
capital P. 

TRA TRE TRI TRO TRU TRY, represented by 
capital T. 

INGLY ING, represented by | (cross dash) . 

TION SSION CIENT sound (SHUN), represented 
by — (long dash). 

FULL, represented by small f . 
LESS, represented by small 1. 

MENT, represented by small m. 

NESS, represented by small n. 

SOUND of (SH), represented by - (small dash). 

SUPER STR SP, represented by capital S. 

OVER, represented by capital 0. 

EXTRA, represented by capital X. 

ASS, represented by small a. 

BILITY ABLE BLE, represented by small b. 

PLE, represented by small p. 



24 KARAM^S SHORTHAND 

QU, with a succeeding vowel, represented by cap- 
ital Q. 
FOR FOR E FUR, represented by small 1 
SUB, represented by small s. 
AGGRA-E-I, represented by small a. 
ANTA-E-I, represented by small n. 
POST PARA, represented by small p. 
WORTH WORTHY, represented by small w. 
ff'ICATION, represented by small f . 
MENTAL MENTALITY, represented by small m. 
SHIP, in last part of a word, represented by - 

(small dash). 
WARD, represented by small w. 
ICLE ICAL ICLE, represented by small k. 
ULATE, represented by small u. 
HOOD, represented by small h. 
RITY LITY CITY VITY NITY MITY, represented 

by small r, 1, s, v, n, m. 
STIC, represented by small s. 
DE DA DI DU DO, represented by , (comma). 
DIS, represented by small d. 
INT INV, represented by small i. 
ANTONYM^ words begin with IN IR IM UN, 

represented by capital I. 
INTER ENTER, represented by capital N. 
BRA BRI BRO BRU, represented by capital B. 
UNDER, represented by small u. 
MIS, represented by small m. 

THE WORD SIGNS SHOULD BE RECITED 
DAILY 



PD 17 4. 



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LIBRARY BINDING ' A"^ >„ ■* , 



ST. AUGUSTINE V * 



